It was a privilege to see you today in consultation in my examining suite. For your information and records, and because you are the most important member of your treatment…

Graves’ disease is a condition affecting the eyelids and tissue behind the eye in people who have had a thyroid disorder. The name Graves is the name of a man…

Introduction Not all people with thyroid disease have problems with their eyes. It is a common enough problem, however, that many people have expressed a desire to have more information…

Dry eyes is a very common problem caused by a lack of normal tears. It is the most likely cause of itching, burning, tearing, and sandy-feeling eyes. Other symptoms can…

Figure 1. In Graves’ ophthalmopathy, the extraoccular muscles become infiltrated with micropolysaccharides, and the muscles become enlarged, firm, rubbery and resistant to passive stretching. The muscle volume may be increased…

Elevated eye pressure is extremely common in patients with Graves’ eye disease. However, this does not necessarily mean that glaucoma is also common in Graves’ disease. Glaucoma is elevation of…

The eye depends on constant moisture and lubrication to maintain vision and to maintain comfort. Human tears, nature’s lubricant for the eye, are remarkable. The tears are actually composed of…

The ophthalmopathy or eye changes associated with thyroid disease are most often associated with the thyroid hyperfunction accompanying Graves’ disease. However, it occasionally may occur in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis…

Sir Robert Graves, MD., first described the association of hyperthyroidism, goiter and exophthalmos in 1835. Since then, other eye-related findings have been described in patients with Graves’ disease, including swelling…

(Note: See last page for Figures) The exact cause and pathophysiology of the soft tissue changes in the eyelids and orbit in Graves’ disease continue to remain unknown. The management…